Chip designs are surpassing the limits of lithography machines, leading to the development of chiplets and high-bandwidth interconnects.
AI training workloads are also driving the need for scale-out networks, connecting multiple datacenters or regions into a single logical datacenter.
Given all of the attention that leaf and spine network architectures have been getting, it's notable that switch or router suppliers are still focusing on big, modular switches.
An example of this is the "Magnum" InfiniBand switch, with 3,456 ports, invented by Andy Bechtolsheim for the Constellation supercomputer.
Arista modular switches aim to scale across networks and out.