Decades of accumulated technical debt have hollowed out state capacity.
In 2019, journalist David Klion described the United States as
“the sick man of the 21st century,”a country suffering from elite stagnation and institutional fatigue.
Six years later, the diagnosis remains accurate. The problem is less ideological than infrastructural—a form of technical debt.
In software,
“technical debt”is the cost of deferred maintenance: Each quick fix or postponed upgrade leaves a system more fragile.
Governments accumulate the same liabilities when they defer investments in personnel, modernization, and oversight.
The bill comes due, and capability erodes faster than legitimacy.
That erosion now shapes not only domestic performance but also how the United States projects authority abroad.
Author’s summary: Technical debt affects US state capacity.